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36 [thirty-six]

Public transportation

Public transportation

36 [щэкIырэ хырэ]

36 [shhjekIyrje hyrje]

ЦIыфзещэ транспорт

[CIyfzeshhje transport]

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Where is the bus stop? Автоб-с--ъэу-упI-р --дэ---I? Автобус къэуцупIэр тыдэ щыI? А-т-б-с к-э-ц-п-э- т-д- щ-I- ---------------------------- Автобус къэуцупIэр тыдэ щыI? 0
Av-o-us -j-ucu-Ijer ----e-sh-y-? Avtobus kjeucupIjer tydje shhyI? A-t-b-s k-e-c-p-j-r t-d-e s-h-I- -------------------------------- Avtobus kjeucupIjer tydje shhyI?
Which bus goes to the city centre / center (am.)? Та----вто-ус---к---- г-пч-м---о-э-? Тара автобусэу къэлэ гупчэм кIорэр? Т-р- а-т-б-с-у к-э-э г-п-э- к-о-э-? ----------------------------------- Тара автобусэу къэлэ гупчэм кIорэр? 0
T--- av-o--s--u -----e-gu--h--------jer? Tara avtobusjeu kjelje gupchjem kIorjer? T-r- a-t-b-s-e- k-e-j- g-p-h-e- k-o-j-r- ---------------------------------------- Tara avtobusjeu kjelje gupchjem kIorjer?
Which bus do I have to take? Тара ---г-----з--ех-ан-фае-? Тара гъогоу сызытехьан фаер? Т-р- г-о-о- с-з-т-х-а- ф-е-? ---------------------------- Тара гъогоу сызытехьан фаер? 0
T--a gog---sy-----'-n fa-r? Tara gogou syzyteh'an faer? T-r- g-g-u s-z-t-h-a- f-e-? --------------------------- Tara gogou syzyteh'an faer?
Do I have to change? С- -э--кIым си---сх-а-ьы-----? Сэ нэмыкIым ситIысхьажьын фая? С- н-м-к-ы- с-т-ы-х-а-ь-н ф-я- ------------------------------ Сэ нэмыкIым ситIысхьажьын фая? 0
Sj- -jem-kIy--s--I-s--azh'-n -a--? Sje njemykIym sitIysh'azh'yn faja? S-e n-e-y-I-m s-t-y-h-a-h-y- f-j-? ---------------------------------- Sje njemykIym sitIysh'azh'yn faja?
Where do I have to change? Т-д--- чI-пIэ- --м--Iым с--итI-с---ж-ы--ф-я? Тыдэрэ чIыпIэм нэмыкIым сыщитIысхьажьын фая? Т-д-р- ч-ы-I-м н-м-к-ы- с-щ-т-ы-х-а-ь-н ф-я- -------------------------------------------- Тыдэрэ чIыпIэм нэмыкIым сыщитIысхьажьын фая? 0
Tyd----------p-j-m n---y-Iym -y------ys---zh-y- fa-a? Tydjerje chIypIjem njemykIym syshhitIysh'azh'yn faja? T-d-e-j- c-I-p-j-m n-e-y-I-m s-s-h-t-y-h-a-h-y- f-j-? ----------------------------------------------------- Tydjerje chIypIjem njemykIym syshhitIysh'azh'yn faja?
How much does a ticket cost? Билет-- тх-а---ыу--? Билетым тхьапш ыуас? Б-л-т-м т-ь-п- ы-а-? -------------------- Билетым тхьапш ыуас? 0
Bi-e-----h'---h-yua-? Biletym th'apsh yuas? B-l-t-m t-'-p-h y-a-? --------------------- Biletym th'apsh yuas?
How many stops are there before downtown / the city centre? Г---эм-------упIэ тхь-пш -ы-э-? Гупчэм нэс уцупIэ тхьапш щыIэр? Г-п-э- н-с у-у-I- т-ь-п- щ-I-р- ------------------------------- Гупчэм нэс уцупIэ тхьапш щыIэр? 0
G-p----- -j-- -cu--j- t-'a-sh-shhy---r? Gupchjem njes ucupIje th'apsh shhyIjer? G-p-h-e- n-e- u-u-I-e t-'-p-h s-h-I-e-? --------------------------------------- Gupchjem njes ucupIje th'apsh shhyIjer?
You have to get off here. Мыщ--эжьым - уи--ын-фа-. Мыщ дэжьым о уикIын фае. М-щ д-ж-ы- о у-к-ы- ф-е- ------------------------ Мыщ дэжьым о уикIын фае. 0
My-h---j-z--y- o-u---y- -ae. Myshh djezh'ym o uikIyn fae. M-s-h d-e-h-y- o u-k-y- f-e- ---------------------------- Myshh djezh'ym o uikIyn fae.
You have to get off at the back. О-ыкIэ-I- ---Iын -а-. О ыкIэкIэ уикIын фае. О ы-I-к-э у-к-ы- ф-е- --------------------- О ыкIэкIэ уикIын фае. 0
O -kI-ek--- -ikI-n ---. O ykIjekIje uikIyn fae. O y-I-e-I-e u-k-y- f-e- ----------------------- O ykIjekIje uikIyn fae.
The next train is in 5 minutes. Къык--л-ык---э -эш-ок-- ---ъ---и--кIэ-ме---м -ъ-сы-т. КъыкIэлъыкIорэ мэшIокур такъикъитфкIэ метром къэсыщт. К-ы-I-л-ы-I-р- м-ш-о-у- т-к-и-ъ-т-к-э м-т-о- к-э-ы-т- ----------------------------------------------------- КъыкIэлъыкIорэ мэшIокур такъикъитфкIэ метром къэсыщт. 0
K--I-el-----j- m-es-------ta-ik-t-kI-e m-t-o- -jesys-h-. KykIjelykIorje mjeshIokur takikitfkIje metrom kjesyshht. K-k-j-l-k-o-j- m-e-h-o-u- t-k-k-t-k-j- m-t-o- k-e-y-h-t- -------------------------------------------------------- KykIjelykIorje mjeshIokur takikitfkIje metrom kjesyshht.
The next tram is in 10 minutes. Къы---лъык---э трам-аир---к-ик-и-шI-I- къэ-ы-т. КъыкIэлъыкIорэ трамваир такъикъипшIкIэ къэсыщт. К-ы-I-л-ы-I-р- т-а-в-и- т-к-и-ъ-п-I-I- к-э-ы-т- ----------------------------------------------- КъыкIэлъыкIорэ трамваир такъикъипшIкIэ къэсыщт. 0
K-k-----k-orje t--mvai- -a----p----I----------h-. KykIjelykIorje tramvair takikipshIkIje kjesyshht. K-k-j-l-k-o-j- t-a-v-i- t-k-k-p-h-k-j- k-e-y-h-t- ------------------------------------------------- KykIjelykIorje tramvair takikipshIkIje kjesyshht.
The next bus is in 15 minutes. Къык-э-ъ-кI----а-т--ус-р-------ъ ----кI-тф--э-к-эс-щт. КъыкIэлъыкIорэ автобусыр такъикъ пшIыкIутфкIэ къэсыщт. К-ы-I-л-ы-I-р- а-т-б-с-р т-к-и-ъ п-I-к-у-ф-I- к-э-ы-т- ------------------------------------------------------ КъыкIэлъыкIорэ автобусыр такъикъ пшIыкIутфкIэ къэсыщт. 0
K--Ije-y-Iorje ----bus-- t---- --hIyk--tf-I-- -jesy----. KykIjelykIorje avtobusyr takik pshIykIutfkIje kjesyshht. K-k-j-l-k-o-j- a-t-b-s-r t-k-k p-h-y-I-t-k-j- k-e-y-h-t- -------------------------------------------------------- KykIjelykIorje avtobusyr takik pshIykIutfkIje kjesyshht.
When is the last train? С--игъ-а-ау-ыр- мэш-окур -етр-м з--ы---I-эр? Сыдигъуа аужырэ мэшIокур метром зыщыIукIрэр? С-д-г-у- а-ж-р- м-ш-о-у- м-т-о- з-щ-I-к-р-р- -------------------------------------------- Сыдигъуа аужырэ мэшIокур метром зыщыIукIрэр? 0
Sydig-a a-zh--je -j----o-u-----r-- -ys-h-I-kI--e-? Sydigua auzhyrje mjeshIokur metrom zyshhyIukIrjer? S-d-g-a a-z-y-j- m-e-h-o-u- m-t-o- z-s-h-I-k-r-e-? -------------------------------------------------- Sydigua auzhyrje mjeshIokur metrom zyshhyIukIrjer?
When is the last tram? Сы--гъуа ------ тра--аи- --I--I---? Сыдигъуа аужырэ трамваир зыIукIрэр? С-д-г-у- а-ж-р- т-а-в-и- з-I-к-р-р- ----------------------------------- Сыдигъуа аужырэ трамваир зыIукIрэр? 0
Syd---- ------je--ra-v-ir z-I-k-----? Sydigua auzhyrje tramvair zyIukIrjer? S-d-g-a a-z-y-j- t-a-v-i- z-I-k-r-e-? ------------------------------------- Sydigua auzhyrje tramvair zyIukIrjer?
When is the last bus? Сы---ъуа -------а--обу-ы- з-Iу--рэ-? Сыдигъуа аужырэ автобусыр зыIукIрэр? С-д-г-у- а-ж-р- а-т-б-с-р з-I-к-р-р- ------------------------------------ Сыдигъуа аужырэ автобусыр зыIукIрэр? 0
Sy-i--a a-z-y-j- a--ob-s---zyI-kIr---? Sydigua auzhyrje avtobusyr zyIukIrjer? S-d-g-a a-z-y-j- a-t-b-s-r z-I-k-r-e-? -------------------------------------- Sydigua auzhyrje avtobusyr zyIukIrjer?
Do you have a ticket? Б-лет у---? Билет уиIа? Б-л-т у-I-? ----------- Билет уиIа? 0
Bil-t uiI-? Bilet uiIa? B-l-t u-I-? ----------- Bilet uiIa?
A ticket? – No, I don’t have one. Б-лет--– Хь-у-------. Билет? – Хьау, сиIэп. Б-л-т- – Х-а-, с-I-п- --------------------- Билет? – Хьау, сиIэп. 0
B-le---–-----,----j--. Bilet? – H'au, siIjep. B-l-t- – H-a-, s-I-e-. ---------------------- Bilet? – H'au, siIjep.
Then you have to pay a fine. А--г-у- -азы- пты--ф--. Ащыгъум тазыр птын фае. А-ы-ъ-м т-з-р п-ы- ф-е- ----------------------- Ащыгъум тазыр птын фае. 0
A-hhyg-- ----r---yn -ae. Ashhygum tazyr ptyn fae. A-h-y-u- t-z-r p-y- f-e- ------------------------ Ashhygum tazyr ptyn fae.

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The development of language

Why we speak with each other is clear. We want to exchange ideas and understand each other. How exactly language originated, on the other hand, is less clear. Various theories exist about this. What's certain is that language is a very old phenomenon. Certain physical traits were a prerequisite for speaking. They were necessary in order for us to form sounds. People as far back as the Neanderthals had the ability to apply their voice. In this way, they could distinguish themselves from animals. Additionally, a loud, firm voice was important for defense. A person could threaten or frighten enemies with it. Back then, tools had already been made and fire had been discovered. This knowledge had to be passed along somehow. Speech was also important for hunting in groups. As early as 2 million years ago there was a simple understanding among people. The first linguistic elements were signs and gestures. But people wanted to be able to communicate in the dark too. More importantly, they also had the need to talk to each other without looking. Therefore, the voice developed, and it replaced the gestures. Language in today's sense is at least 50,000 years old. When Homo sapiens left Africa, they distributed language around the world. The languages separated from each other in the different regions. That is to say, various language families came into being. However, they only contained the fundamentals of language systems. The first languages were much less complex than languages today. They were further developed through grammar, phonology and semantics. It could be said that different languages have different solutions. But the problem was always the same: How do I show what I'm thinking?
Did you know?
Brazilian Portuguese is counted among the Romance languages. It arose from European Portuguese. It travelled as far as South America long ago through Portugal's colonial politics. Today Brazil is the largest Portuguese-speaking nation in the world. Approximately 190 million people speak Brazilian Portuguese as their native language. The language has great influence in other South American countries too. There is even a hybrid language that contains Portuguese and Spanish. Earlier, Brazil tended to use European Portuguese. Starting in the 1930s, a new awareness awakened within Brazilian culture. Brazilians were proud of their language and wanted to accentuate its peculiarities. There were, however, repeated efforts to keep the two languages together. For example, an agreement has since been made over a common orthography. Today the biggest difference between the two forms is in the pronunciation. The Brazilian vocabulary also contains a few "Indianisms" that are absent in Europe. Discover this exciting language - it is one of the most important in the world!