Да------л--од-- -а---а?
Дали е слободна масава?
Д-л- е с-о-о-н- м-с-в-?
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Дали е слободна масава? 0 D--- -e---obo--- ma-av-?Dali ye slobodna masava?D-l- y- s-o-o-n- m-s-v-?------------------------Dali ye slobodna masava?
Я хотел бы / хотела бы посмотреть меню, пожалуйста.
What would you recommend?
Што -- ----ле -а п-е-ор-ча--?
Што би можеле да препорачате?
Ш-о б- м-ж-л- д- п-е-о-а-а-е-
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Што би можеле да препорачате? 0 Shto bi-mo-ye--e d--p-yepo-a--at--?Shto bi moʐyelye da pryeporachatye?S-t- b- m-ʐ-e-y- d- p-y-p-r-c-a-y-?-----------------------------------Shto bi moʐyelye da pryeporachatye?
Би -а----/-сак-ла е-ен --к-од---ртока-.
Би сакал / сакала еден сок од портокал.
Б- с-к-л / с-к-л- е-е- с-к о- п-р-о-а-.
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Би сакал / сакала еден сок од портокал. 0 B---a-a- - ----l- -e-yen---k od -or-ok--.Bi sakal / sakala yedyen sok od portokal.B- s-k-l / s-k-l- y-d-e- s-k o- p-r-o-a-.-----------------------------------------Bi sakal / sakala yedyen sok od portokal.
Ј-с--и-с-к---/---ка-а--ден-ч---с- -имон.
Јас би сакал / сакала еден чај со лимон.
Ј-с б- с-к-л / с-к-л- е-е- ч-ј с- л-м-н-
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Јас би сакал / сакала еден чај со лимон. 0 Јa- ----ak-l --sa-a-a----y----haј -- --m--.Јas bi sakal / sakala yedyen chaј so limon.Ј-s b- s-k-l / s-k-l- y-d-e- c-a- s- l-m-n--------------------------------------------Јas bi sakal / sakala yedyen chaј so limon.
Имате ли циг--и?
Имате ли цигари?
И-а-е л- ц-г-р-?
----------------
Имате ли цигари? 0 I-a--e------ig----?Imatye li tziguari?I-a-y- l- t-i-u-r-?-------------------Imatye li tziguari?
И-ат---- еде- -е--лн--?
Имате ли еден пепелник?
И-а-е л- е-е- п-п-л-и-?
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Имате ли еден пепелник? 0 Im-t-e-li --d-en ----------?Imatye li yedyen pyepyelnik?I-a-y- l- y-d-e- p-e-y-l-i-?----------------------------Imatye li yedyen pyepyelnik?
М-н--ми -ед---а--в- е-на вил-шка.
Мене ми недостасува една вилушка.
М-н- м- н-д-с-а-у-а е-н- в-л-ш-а-
---------------------------------
Мене ми недостасува една вилушка. 0 M------m----ed-----oo-a----na vil------.Myenye mi nyedostasoova yedna vilooshka.M-e-y- m- n-e-o-t-s-o-a y-d-a v-l-o-h-a-----------------------------------------Myenye mi nyedostasoova yedna vilooshka.
Ме-е -и-недо-та-ув- ---н--ож.
Мене ми недостасува еден нож.
М-н- м- н-д-с-а-у-а е-е- н-ж-
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Мене ми недостасува еден нож. 0 M-e-y- mi n--do-------a-yedy-n---ʐ.Myenye mi nyedostasoova yedyen noʐ.M-e-y- m- n-e-o-t-s-o-a y-d-e- n-ʐ------------------------------------Myenye mi nyedostasoova yedyen noʐ.
М-------не---т-су-- е--а-л-ж-ца.
Мене ми недостасува една лажица.
М-н- м- н-д-с-а-у-а е-н- л-ж-ц-.
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Мене ми недостасува една лажица. 0 M-enye-mi-ny--o---s--va--ed-- laʐ-tz-.Myenye mi nyedostasoova yedna laʐitza.M-e-y- m- n-e-o-t-s-o-a y-d-a l-ʐ-t-a---------------------------------------Myenye mi nyedostasoova yedna laʐitza.
Every language has particular features.
But some also have characteristics that are unique worldwide.
Among these languages is Trio.
Trio is a Native American language in South America.
Around 2,000 people in Brazil and Suriname speak it.
What makes Trio special is its grammar.
Because it forces its speakers to always tell the truth.
The so-called frustrative ending is responsible for this.
This ending is added to verbs in Trio.
It indicates how true a sentence is.
A simple example explains how exactly it works.
Let's take the sentence
The child went to school.
In Trio, the speaker has to add a certain ending onto the verb.
Through the ending he is able to communicate whether he saw the child himself.
But he can also express that he only knows it from speaking to others.
Or he says through the ending that he knows it's a lie.
So the speaker has to commit to what he is saying.
Meaning, he must communicate how true a statement is.
In this way he cannot keep anything a secret or sugarcoat anything.
If a Trio speaker leaves the ending off, he is deemed a liar.
In Suriname the official language is Dutch.
Translations from Dutch into Trio are often problematic.
Because most languages are much less precise.
They make it possible for the speakers to be vague.
Therefore, interpreters don't always commit to what they are saying.
The communication with Trio speakers is thereby difficult.
Perhaps the frustrative ending would be helpful in other languages too!?
Not only in the language of politics…
Did you know?
Macedonian is the native language of around 2 million people.
It is counted among the South Slavic languages.
It is most closely related to Bulgarian.
Speakers of both languages can communicate with each other easily.
The two languages differ from each other more in their written forms.
There have always been many different ethnic groups in Macedonia.
Naturally, this is also apparent in the vernacular.
It has been influenced by numerous other languages.
The neighboring country of Serbia has especially influenced the Macedonian language.
The vocabulary contains many terms from Russian, Turkish, and English.
Such linguistic variety does not exist in many countries.
That is why it has been difficult for Macedonian to establish itself as its own language.
Macedonian literature has especially suffered from this situation.
Macedonian is now considered an established standard language.
For this reason, it is an important part of the Macedonian identity.