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5 [five]

Countries and Languages

Countries and Languages

‫5 [חמש]‬

5 [xamesh]

‫מדינות ושפות‬

[medinot w'ssafot]

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John is from London. ‫ג----מ-ו-דון----’---ה-- ל-----י‬ ‫____ מ______ / ג___ ה__ ל_______ ‫-’-ן מ-ו-ד-ן / ג-ו- ה-א ל-נ-ו-י- --------------------------------- ‫ג’ון מלונדון / ג’ון הוא לונדוני‬ 0
jo- mi-o-don/--n h---o---ni j__ m___________ h_ l______ j-n m-l-n-o-/-o- h- l-n-o-i --------------------------- jon milondon/jon hu londoni
London is in Great Britain. ‫לו---ן נ-צ-ת -----נ--.‬ ‫______ נ____ ב_________ ‫-ו-ד-ן נ-צ-ת ב-ר-ט-י-.- ------------------------ ‫לונדון נמצאת בבריטניה.‬ 0
l-ndo- --m--'e- b'v-----ia-. l_____ n_______ b___________ l-n-o- n-m-s-e- b-v-i-a-i-h- ---------------------------- london nimts'et b'vritaniah.
He speaks English. ‫--א ---ר------ת-‬ ‫___ מ___ א_______ ‫-ו- מ-ב- א-ג-י-.- ------------------ ‫הוא מדבר אנגלית.‬ 0
h- me-------n--i-. h_ m______ a______ h- m-d-b-r a-g-i-. ------------------ hu medaber anglit.
Maria is from Madrid. ‫מר----מד--ד.‬ ‫____ מ_______ ‫-ר-ה מ-ד-י-.- -------------- ‫מריה ממדריד.‬ 0
ma-i-h-m-m-----. m_____ m________ m-r-a- m-m-d-i-. ---------------- mariah mimadrid.
Madrid is in Spain. ‫-ד-יד ---את---פרד.‬ ‫_____ נ____ ב______ ‫-ד-י- נ-צ-ת ב-פ-ד-‬ -------------------- ‫מדריד נמצאת בספרד.‬ 0
madr-d--------- ---f--a-. m_____ n_______ b________ m-d-i- n-m-s-'- b-s-a-a-. ------------------------- madrid nimtse't b'sfarad.
She speaks Spanish. ‫-----ד-ר- ספ-----‬ ‫___ מ____ ס_______ ‫-י- מ-ב-ת ס-ר-י-.- ------------------- ‫היא מדברת ספרדית.‬ 0
hi m-----r-- s-----it. h_ m________ s________ h- m-d-b-r-t s-a-a-i-. ---------------------- hi medaberet sfaradit.
Peter and Martha are from Berlin. ‫פ-ר-ומרת- מ-----.‬ ‫___ ו____ מ_______ ‫-ט- ו-ר-ה מ-ר-י-.- ------------------- ‫פטר ומרתה מברלין.‬ 0
pet-r-----t-h-mi-e---n. p____ u______ m________ p-t-r u-a-t-h m-b-r-i-. ----------------------- peter umartah miberlin.
Berlin is in Germany. ‫-רלי--נ-צאת--גר-ניה.‬ ‫_____ נ____ ב________ ‫-ר-י- נ-צ-ת ב-ר-נ-ה-‬ ---------------------- ‫ברלין נמצאת בגרמניה.‬ 0
b-rlin-n----'et--'ger--ni--. b_____ n_______ b___________ b-r-i- n-m-s-e- b-g-r-a-i-h- ---------------------------- berlin nimts'et b'germaniah.
Do both of you speak German? ‫שני----דב--ם---מ-ית?‬ ‫_____ מ_____ ג_______ ‫-נ-כ- מ-ב-י- ג-מ-י-?- ---------------------- ‫שניכם מדברים גרמנית?‬ 0
s-ne--h-m me-a-ri---e-m-n-t? s________ m_______ g________ s-n-y-h-m m-d-b-i- g-r-a-i-? ---------------------------- shneykhem medabrim germanit?
London is a capital city. ‫--נד-ן -יא ע-ר-ב---.‬ ‫______ ה__ ע__ ב_____ ‫-ו-ד-ן ה-א ע-ר ב-ר-.- ---------------------- ‫לונדון היא עיר בירה.‬ 0
lo-d-n ---ir--i--h. l_____ h_ i_ b_____ l-n-o- h- i- b-r-h- ------------------- london hi ir birah.
Madrid and Berlin are also capital cities. ‫מד--------ין-ה---ם ע---ביר--‬ ‫_____ ו_____ ה_ ג_ ע__ ב_____ ‫-ד-י- ו-ר-י- ה- ג- ע-י ב-ר-.- ------------------------------ ‫מדריד וברלין הן גם ערי בירה.‬ 0
m-dr-- u--rlin -e- --m ar-y-b-rah. m_____ u______ h__ g__ a___ b_____ m-d-i- u-e-l-n h-n g-m a-e- b-r-h- ---------------------------------- madrid uberlin hen gam arey birah.
Capital cities are big and noisy. ‫-רי הבירה-גדול-ת---ו-שות.‬ ‫___ ה____ ג_____ ו________ ‫-ר- ה-י-ה ג-ו-ו- ו-ו-ש-ת-‬ --------------------------- ‫ערי הבירה גדולות ורועשות.‬ 0
ar-y h--i--h--d---t-w--o---hot. a___ h______ g_____ w__________ a-e- h-b-r-h g-o-o- w-r-'-s-o-. ------------------------------- arey habirah gdolot w'ro'ashot.
France is in Europe. ‫-רפ--נמצ-- -א-ר----‬ ‫____ נ____ ב________ ‫-ר-ת נ-צ-ת ב-י-ו-ה-‬ --------------------- ‫צרפת נמצאת באירופה.‬ 0
t--rfa--nim-s'et--e---ur--a-. t______ n_______ b___________ t-a-f-t n-m-s-e- b-'-y-r-p-h- ----------------------------- tsarfat nimts'et be'eyuropah.
Egypt is in Africa. ‫--------צ---ב-פר--ה.‬ ‫_____ נ____ ב________ ‫-צ-י- נ-צ-ת ב-פ-י-ה-‬ ---------------------- ‫מצרים נמצאת באפריקה.‬ 0
m-ts-aim --m--'e---e'--ri-ah. m_______ n_______ b__________ m-t-r-i- n-m-s-e- b-'-f-i-a-. ----------------------------- mitsraim nimts'et be'afriqah.
Japan is in Asia. ‫יפ- נמצ-ת----יה-‬ ‫___ נ____ ב______ ‫-פ- נ-צ-ת ב-ס-ה-‬ ------------------ ‫יפן נמצאת באסיה.‬ 0
y--an-n-m-s'-t be-----h. y____ n_______ b________ y-p-n n-m-s-e- b-'-s-a-. ------------------------ yapan nimts'et be'asiah.
Canada is in North America. ‫קנ---נ---ת-בצפ-- א---קה.‬ ‫____ נ____ ב____ א_______ ‫-נ-ה נ-צ-ת ב-פ-ן א-ר-ק-.- -------------------------- ‫קנדה נמצאת בצפון אמריקה.‬ 0
qa-adah nimt-'et-b----o- -m--i-a-. q______ n_______ b______ a________ q-n-d-h n-m-s-e- b-t-f-n a-e-i-a-. ---------------------------------- qanadah nimts'et bitsfon ameriqah.
Panama is in Central America. ‫---ה--מ--- במ-כ- --ריק- /-ב--ריק- ה-רכזית.‬ ‫____ נ____ ב____ א_____ / ב______ ה________ ‫-נ-ה נ-צ-ת ב-ר-ז א-ר-ק- / ב-מ-י-ה ה-ר-ז-ת-‬ -------------------------------------------- ‫פנמה נמצאת במרכז אמריקה / באמריקה המרכזית.‬ 0
p------ -i-t--et-b--erka- --eri-----'a----qah-hame---zi-. p______ n_______ b_______ a__________________ h__________ p-n-m-h n-m-s-e- b-m-r-a- a-e-i-a-/-'-m-r-q-h h-m-r-a-i-. --------------------------------------------------------- panamah nimts'et b'merkaz ameriqah/b'ameriqah hamerkazit.
Brazil is in South America. ‫--זי- נ-צאת-ב-רום -מ-י--.‬ ‫_____ נ____ ב____ א_______ ‫-ר-י- נ-צ-ת ב-ר-ם א-ר-ק-.- --------------------------- ‫ברזיל נמצאת בדרום אמריקה.‬ 0
brazi- n-mt-'------r-m--mer---h. b_____ n_______ b_____ a________ b-a-i- n-m-s-e- b-d-o- a-e-i-a-. -------------------------------- brazil nimts'et b'drom ameriqah.

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Languages and dialects

There are 6,000 to 7,000 different languages worldwide. The number of dialects is of course much higher. But what is the difference between language and dialect? Dialects always have a clearly localized tone. They belong to the regional language varieties. This means dialects are a language form with the narrowest reach. As a general rule, dialects are only spoken, not written. They form their own linguistic system. And they follow their own rules. Theoretically, every language can have several dialects. All dialects fall under the standard language of a country. The standard language is understood by all the people of a country. With it, even speakers of different dialects can communicate with each other. Almost all dialects are becoming less important. You hardly hear dialects being spoken in cities anymore. The standard language is usually spoken at work as well. Therefore, dialect speakers are often said to be simple and uneducated. And yet they can be found at all social levels. So dialect speakers are no less intelligent than others. Quite the opposite! Those who speak in dialect have many advantages. In a language course, for example. Dialect speakers know that there are different linguistic forms. And they have learned to switch quickly between linguistic styles. Therefore, dialect speakers possess a higher competence for variation. They can sense which linguistic style fits with a certain situation. This has even been scientifically proven. So: Have courage in using dialect – it's worth it!
Did you know?
Bulgarian is counted among the South Slavic languages. About 10 million people speak Bulgarian. The majority of those people, of course, live in Bulgaria. Bulgarian is spoken in other countries as well, however. Among those are Ukraine and Moldova. Bulgarian is one of the oldest documented Slavic languages. It has many specific features too. The similarity to Albanian and Romanian is striking. These languages are not Slavic languages. There are many parallels nevertheless. Therefore, all of these languages are also denoted as Balkan languages. They have a lot in common, although they are not related to each other. Bulgarian verbs can take on many forms. There is also no infinitive in Bulgarian. If you want to learn this interesting language you will soon discover many new things!