Phrasebook

en At the restaurant 4   »   ad Рестораным 4

32 [thirty-two]

At the restaurant 4

At the restaurant 4

32 [щэкIырэ тIурэ]

32 [shhjekIyrje tIurje]

Рестораным 4

[Restoranym 4]

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I’d like chips / French fries (am.) with ketchup. С- кар--ш-- -ъ-ж-агъэ-----у- -гъ---у зы -ах-э-с---й. Сэ картошкэ гъэжъагъэ кетчуп игъусэу зы Iахьэ сыфай. С- к-р-о-к- г-э-ъ-г-э к-т-у- и-ъ-с-у з- I-х-э с-ф-й- ---------------------------------------------------- Сэ картошкэ гъэжъагъэ кетчуп игъусэу зы Iахьэ сыфай. 0
S-- ---to---j---------je--etch-p-igu---- -y-----j-----aj. Sje kartoshkje gjezhagje ketchup igusjeu zy Iah'je syfaj. S-e k-r-o-h-j- g-e-h-g-e k-t-h-p i-u-j-u z- I-h-j- s-f-j- --------------------------------------------------------- Sje kartoshkje gjezhagje ketchup igusjeu zy Iah'je syfaj.
And two with mayonnaise. Ык-и--ах-и-I--м----е--и-ъусэ-. ЫкIи IахьитIу майонез игъусэу. Ы-I- I-х-и-I- м-й-н-з и-ъ-с-у- ------------------------------ ЫкIи IахьитIу майонез игъусэу. 0
YkIi-I---it----a-o-ez---u-je-. YkIi Iah'itIu majonez igusjeu. Y-I- I-h-i-I- m-j-n-z i-u-j-u- ------------------------------ YkIi Iah'itIu majonez igusjeu.
And three sausages with mustard. Ы--и-Iахьи- -ос-ск--гъ-ж-аг-э -о------и--у-эу. ЫкIи Iахьищ сосискэ гъэжъагъэ горчицэ игъусэу. Ы-I- I-х-и- с-с-с-э г-э-ъ-г-э г-р-и-э и-ъ-с-у- ---------------------------------------------- ЫкIи Iахьищ сосискэ гъэжъагъэ горчицэ игъусэу. 0
Y-I---ah--s-- -o----------z--------rc---j- igu-je-. YkIi Iah'ishh sosiskje gjezhagje gorchicje igusjeu. Y-I- I-h-i-h- s-s-s-j- g-e-h-g-e g-r-h-c-e i-u-j-u- --------------------------------------------------- YkIi Iah'ishh sosiskje gjezhagje gorchicje igusjeu.
What vegetables do you have? Сы--фэ----эт---к--а--ъ-и--х-р? Сыд фэдэ хэтэрыкIха шъуиIэхэр? С-д ф-д- х-т-р-к-х- ш-у-I-х-р- ------------------------------ Сыд фэдэ хэтэрыкIха шъуиIэхэр? 0
S----j-dje--j-tje--k--a---u-Ij--jer? Syd fjedje hjetjerykIha shuiIjehjer? S-d f-e-j- h-e-j-r-k-h- s-u-I-e-j-r- ------------------------------------ Syd fjedje hjetjerykIha shuiIjehjer?
Do you have beans? Д--н- -ъ-иI-? Джэнч шъуиIа? Д-э-ч ш-у-I-? ------------- Джэнч шъуиIа? 0
Dz-j---h---u--a? Dzhjench shuiIa? D-h-e-c- s-u-I-? ---------------- Dzhjench shuiIa?
Do you have cauliflower? К-эбэскъэ----- ж----р--э --уиIа? Къэбэскъэ фыжь жъгъырыбэ шъуиIа? К-э-э-к-э ф-ж- ж-г-ы-ы-э ш-у-I-? -------------------------------- Къэбэскъэ фыжь жъгъырыбэ шъуиIа? 0
Kj-b--s--e fyzh----gyryb-- s-u-I-? Kjebjeskje fyzh' zhgyrybje shuiIa? K-e-j-s-j- f-z-' z-g-r-b-e s-u-I-? ---------------------------------- Kjebjeskje fyzh' zhgyrybje shuiIa?
I like to eat (sweet) corn. С--н-т--ф-с-----у-си-Iа-. Сэ натрыф сшхынэу сикIас. С- н-т-ы- с-х-н-у с-к-а-. ------------------------- Сэ натрыф сшхынэу сикIас. 0
Sj--n-try----h----eu--i--as. Sje natryf sshhynjeu sikIas. S-e n-t-y- s-h-y-j-u s-k-a-. ---------------------------- Sje natryf sshhynjeu sikIas.
I like to eat cucumber. Сэ -э---эг--сш----- -и--ас. Сэ нэшэбэгу сшхынэу сикIас. С- н-ш-б-г- с-х-н-у с-к-а-. --------------------------- Сэ нэшэбэгу сшхынэу сикIас. 0
Sje -j---j-b--gu--shhy-j---si--as. Sje njeshjebjegu sshhynjeu sikIas. S-e n-e-h-e-j-g- s-h-y-j-u s-k-a-. ---------------------------------- Sje njeshjebjegu sshhynjeu sikIas.
I like to eat tomatoes. С--помидо- ----нэ---и--а-. Сэ помидор сшхынэу сикIас. С- п-м-д-р с-х-н-у с-к-а-. -------------------------- Сэ помидор сшхынэу сикIас. 0
S-- p-mid-r --h--n------k-a-. Sje pomidor sshhynjeu sikIas. S-e p-m-d-r s-h-y-j-u s-k-a-. ----------------------------- Sje pomidor sshhynjeu sikIas.
Do you also like to eat leek? Ор--б-ь-н---ынэ пшхын-- уи----а? Ори бжьын цIынэ пшхынэу уикIаса? О-и б-ь-н ц-ы-э п-х-н-у у-к-а-а- -------------------------------- Ори бжьын цIынэ пшхынэу уикIаса? 0
Or--bzh-----Iyn-e-p-hhyn-eu uikI--a? Ori bzh'yn cIynje pshhynjeu uikIasa? O-i b-h-y- c-y-j- p-h-y-j-u u-k-a-a- ------------------------------------ Ori bzh'yn cIynje pshhynjeu uikIasa?
Do you also like to eat sauerkraut? О-и -ъэб--къэ-шI-I--пш-ын-- у--I--а? Ори къэбэскъэ шIоIу пшхынэу уикIаса? О-и к-э-э-к-э ш-о-у п-х-н-у у-к-а-а- ------------------------------------ Ори къэбэскъэ шIоIу пшхынэу уикIаса? 0
O-- kjebjes--e --IoIu p---ynj-u uik-as-? Ori kjebjeskje shIoIu pshhynjeu uikIasa? O-i k-e-j-s-j- s-I-I- p-h-y-j-u u-k-a-a- ---------------------------------------- Ori kjebjeskje shIoIu pshhynjeu uikIasa?
Do you also like to eat lentils? Ор--д--н- -ъурэе-пI-акI---ш--н-у уикIас-? Ори джэнч хъурэе пIуакIэ пшхынэу уикIаса? О-и д-э-ч х-у-э- п-у-к-э п-х-н-у у-к-а-а- ----------------------------------------- Ори джэнч хъурэе пIуакIэ пшхынэу уикIаса? 0
Ori dz---n-h hu-j-e -IuakI-e-p-h---jeu -i-Ia--? Ori dzhjench hurjee pIuakIje pshhynjeu uikIasa? O-i d-h-e-c- h-r-e- p-u-k-j- p-h-y-j-u u-k-a-a- ----------------------------------------------- Ori dzhjench hurjee pIuakIje pshhynjeu uikIasa?
Do you also like to eat carrots? О-и --ъы --хы-э- у--I--а? Ори пхъы пшхынэу уикIаса? О-и п-ъ- п-х-н-у у-к-а-а- ------------------------- Ори пхъы пшхынэу уикIаса? 0
O-i---y -sh--nje--u------? Ori phy pshhynjeu uikIasa? O-i p-y p-h-y-j-u u-k-a-a- -------------------------- Ori phy pshhynjeu uikIasa?
Do you also like to eat broccoli? О-и---э-эск-э -х-он--э-ж-гъыры-- п-хынэ- у-кI-с-? Ори къэбэскъэ шхъонтIэ жъгъырыбэ пшхынэу уикIаса? О-и к-э-э-к-э ш-ъ-н-I- ж-г-ы-ы-э п-х-н-у у-к-а-а- ------------------------------------------------- Ори къэбэскъэ шхъонтIэ жъгъырыбэ пшхынэу уикIаса? 0
O----je-j--kje --ho----- ---y-yb-e p-h-y-j-- -i--as-? Ori kjebjeskje shhontIje zhgyrybje pshhynjeu uikIasa? O-i k-e-j-s-j- s-h-n-I-e z-g-r-b-e p-h-y-j-u u-k-a-a- ----------------------------------------------------- Ori kjebjeskje shhontIje zhgyrybje pshhynjeu uikIasa?
Do you also like to eat peppers? О-и щы-жь---п--ы-эу ---Iа--? Ори щыбжьый пшхынэу уикIаса? О-и щ-б-ь-й п-х-н-у у-к-а-а- ---------------------------- Ори щыбжьый пшхынэу уикIаса? 0
O-i ----bzh-yj-p--h----- u-----a? Ori shhybzh'yj pshhynjeu uikIasa? O-i s-h-b-h-y- p-h-y-j-u u-k-a-a- --------------------------------- Ori shhybzh'yj pshhynjeu uikIasa?
I don’t like onions. Сэ бж--н---кIасэп. Сэ бжьын сикIасэп. С- б-ь-н с-к-а-э-. ------------------ Сэ бжьын сикIасэп. 0
S-----h'-n-sikI-sje-. Sje bzh'yn sikIasjep. S-e b-h-y- s-k-a-j-p- --------------------- Sje bzh'yn sikIasjep.
I don’t like olives. Сэ-о--в--сик-асэп. Сэ оливэ сикIасэп. С- о-и-э с-к-а-э-. ------------------ Сэ оливэ сикIасэп. 0
S-- ------ -i-I-s-e-. Sje olivje sikIasjep. S-e o-i-j- s-k-a-j-p- --------------------- Sje olivje sikIasjep.
I don’t like mushrooms. С- -ь-Iу----сикIас-п. Сэ хьаIухэр сикIасэп. С- х-а-у-э- с-к-а-э-. --------------------- Сэ хьаIухэр сикIасэп. 0
Sj- ---I-hj-r ----as-ep. Sje h'aIuhjer sikIasjep. S-e h-a-u-j-r s-k-a-j-p- ------------------------ Sje h'aIuhjer sikIasjep.

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Tonal Languages

Most of all the languages spoken worldwide are tonal languages. With tonal languages, the pitch of the tones is crucial. They determine what meaning words or syllables have. Thus, the tone belongs firmly to the word. Most of the languages spoken in Asia are tonal languages. For example, Chinese, Thai and Vietnamese. There are also various tonal languages in Africa. Many indigenous languages in America are tonal languages as well. Indo-European languages mostly contain only tonal elements. This applies to Swedish or Serbian, for example. The number of tone pitches is varied in individual languages. Four different tones are distinguishable in Chinese. With this, the syllable ma can have four meanings. They are mother, hemp, horse and to rant . Interestingly, tonal languages also impact our hearing. Studies on absolute hearing have shown this. Absolute hearing is the ability to identify heard tones accurately. Absolute hearing occurs very rarely in Europe and North America. Fewer than 1 in 10,000 people have it. It's different with native speakers of Chinese. Here, 9 times as many people have this special ability. We all had absolute hearing when we were infants. We used it to learn to speak correctly. Unfortunately, most people lose it later on. The pitch of tones is also important in music. This is especially true for cultures that speak a tonal language. They must adhere to the melody very precisely. Otherwise a beautiful love song comes out as an absurd song!
Did you know?
Punjabi is counted among the Indo-Iranian languages. It is spoken natively by 130 million people. The majority of those people live in Pakistan. However, it is also spoken in the Indian state of Punjab. Punjabi is hardly ever used as a written language in Pakistan. It is different in India because there the language holds an official status. Punjabi is written in its own script. It also has a very long literary tradition. Texts have been found that are almost 1000 years old. Punjabi is also very interesting from a phonological point of view. This is because it is a tonal language. In tonal languages, the pitch of the accented syllable changes their meaning. In Punjabi, the accented syllable can take on three different pitches. That is very unusual for Indo-European languages. That makes Punjabi that much more appealing!