Phrasebook

en big – small   »   ad ины – цIыкIу

68 [sixty-eight]

big – small

big – small

68 [тIокIищрэ ирэ]

68 [tIokIishhrje irje]

ины – цIыкIу

[iny – cIykIu]

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big and small ин- ы--- ц----у ины ыкIи цIыкIу 0
i-- y--- c----- in- y--- c----u iny ykIi cIykIu i-y y-I- c-y-I- ---------------
The elephant is big. Пы--- и--. Пылыр ины. 0
P---- i--. Py--- i--. Pylyr iny. P-l-r i-y. ---------.
The mouse is small. Цы---- ц-----. Цыгъор цIыкIу. 0
C---- c-----. Cy--- c-----. Cygor cIykIu. C-g-r c-y-I-. ------------.
dark and bright шI---- ы--- н--- (н----) шIункI ыкIи нэфы (нэфын) 0
s------ y--- n---- (n-----) sh----- y--- n---- (n-----) shIunkI ykIi njefy (njefyn) s-I-n-I y-I- n-e-y (n-e-y-) -------------------(------)
The night is dark. Чэ--- ш-----. Чэщыр шIункI. 0
C-------- s------. Ch------- s------. Chjeshhyr shIunkI. C-j-s-h-r s-I-n-I. -----------------.
The day is bright. Ма--- н----. Мафэр нэфын. 0
M----- n-----. Ma---- n-----. Mafjer njefyn. M-f-e- n-e-y-. -------------.
old and young жъ- ы--- к-э жъы ыкIи кIэ 0
z-- y--- k--- zh- y--- k--e zhy ykIi kIje z-y y-I- k-j- -------------
Our grandfather is very old. Ти---- ж-- д--. Титатэ жъы дэд. 0
T------ z-- d---. Ti----- z-- d---. Titatje zhy djed. T-t-t-e z-y d-e-. ----------------.
70 years ago he was still young. Ил--- 70------ у-------------- а- д---- н----------. Илъэс 70-рэкIэ узэкIэIэбэжьмэ, ар джыри ныбжьыкIагъ. 0
I---- 70-r------ u---------------'m--, a- d----- n----'y----. Il--- 70-------- u-------------------- a- d----- n----------. Iljes 70-rjekIje uzjekIjeIjebjezh'mje, ar dzhyri nybzh'ykIag. I-j-s 70-r-e-I-e u-j-k-j-I-e-j-z-'m-e, a- d-h-r- n-b-h'y-I-g. ------70-------------------------'---,----------------'-----.
beautiful and ugly да-- ы--- I-е дахэ ыкIи Iае 0
d---- y--- I-- da--- y--- I-e dahje ykIi Iae d-h-e y-I- I-e --------------
The butterfly is beautiful. Хь----------- д---. ХьампIырашъор дахэ. 0
H'a---------- d----. H'----------- d----. H'ampIyrashor dahje. H'a-p-y-a-h-r d-h-e. -'-----------------.
The spider is ugly. Бэ---- I--. Бэджыр Iае. 0
B------- I--. Bj------ I--. Bjedzhyr Iae. B-e-z-y- I-e. ------------.
fat and thin пщ-- ы--- од пщэр ыкIи од 0
p------ y--- o- ps----- y--- od pshhjer ykIi od p-h-j-r y-I- o- ---------------
A woman who weighs a hundred kilos is fat. Бз--------- к----------- к---------- п---. Бзылъфыгъэу килограмишъэ къэзыщэчрэр пщэр. 0
B--------- k------------ k--------------- p------. Bz-------- k------------ k--------------- p------. Bzylfygjeu kilogramishje kjezyshhjechrjer pshhjer. B-y-f-g-e- k-l-g-a-i-h-e k-e-y-h-j-c-r-e- p-h-j-r. -------------------------------------------------.
A man who weighs fifty kilos is thin. Хъ--------- к-------- ш------- к---------- о-. Хъулъфыгъэу килограмм шъэныкъо къэзыщэчрэр од. 0
H-------- k-------- s------- k--------------- o-. Hu------- k-------- s------- k--------------- o-. Hulfygjeu kilogramm shjenyko kjezyshhjechrjer od. H-l-y-j-u k-l-g-a-m s-j-n-k- k-e-y-h-j-c-r-e- o-. ------------------------------------------------.
expensive and cheap лъ---- ы--- п--т лъапIэ ыкIи пыут 0
l----- y--- p--- la---- y--- p--t lapIje ykIi pyut l-p-j- y-I- p-u- ----------------
The car is expensive. Ма----- л-----. Машинэр лъапIэ. 0
M-------- l-----. Ma------- l-----. Mashinjer lapIje. M-s-i-j-r l-p-j-. ----------------.
The newspaper is cheap. Гъ------ п---. Гъэзетыр пыут. 0
G------- p---. Gj------ p---. Gjezetyr pyut. G-e-e-y- p-u-. -------------.

Code-switching

More and more people are growing up bilingual. They can speak more than one language. Many of these people often switch languages. They decide which language to use depending on the situation. For example, they speak a different language at work than at home. By doing so, they adapt themselves to their environment. But there is also the possibility of switching languages spontaneously. This phenomenon is called code-switching . In code-switching, the language gets switched in the middle of speaking. There could be many reasons why speakers switch languages. Often, they don't find the appropriate word in one language. They can express themselves better in the other language. It can also be that the speaker feels more confident in one of the languages. They use this language for private or personal things. Sometimes a certain word doesn't exist in a language. In this case the speaker must switch languages. Or they switch languages so that they aren't understood. In that case code-switching works like a secret language. Earlier, mixing languages was criticized. It was thought that the speaker couldn't speak either language correctly. Today it is viewed differently. Code-switching is recognized as a special linguistic competence. It can be interesting to observe speakers using code-switching. Often, they don't just switch the language they're speaking. Other communicative elements change as well. Many speak faster, louder or more accentuated in the other language. Or they suddenly use more gestures and facial expressions. In this way, code-switching is always a little bit of culture-switching too…